Analysis of economic feasibility Napier grass can be grown for biogas production. Packchong1 is the official name of Super Napier grass. The propagation of Napier grass can be done easily. Crop Sci 29:1327, Skevas T, Swinton SM, Tanner S, Sanford G, Thelen KD (2016) Investment Bioenergy Crops. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. Planting whole stems is useful during the heavy rains, and in hilly areas where you need the grass to sprout quickly to cover the ground. In this research, all plots were planted in the same year (CY 2010) and the planting costs distributed across harvested years. Growing up to a high height (400 - 500 cm). Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) | Feedipedia Although slight variations existed in certain years due to weather or equipment availability, tillage operations basically consisted of disking, subsoiling, S-tine field cultivating, rototill to establish seed beds, and planting. Plots were harvested using a two row spindle picker using a bagging attachment to obtain samples for yield and quality determination. Yields 180 to 200 tonnes per acre per annum. Gir cow identity Head and body structure Gir cow head is quite different from other desi cow breeds. It can also be grown in combination with fodder trees along with the boundaries of the field or contour lines to help to prevent the soil erosion. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. PDF Opportunities for Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Improvement Using For corn, the breakeven price was reached in 2years during the 5-year period and 7years of the 10-year period. This is done so that the sprouting of grass will be done rapidly in order to cover the ground. Amer. But Gir cow is among those high milk-producing cows that can compete with HF and Jersey in some sense. For this analysis, production costs per ton and breakeven prices will be provided based on both variable and total costs of production. Navel - Sahiwal cow navel is 3-4 inches in size. PDF Yield and Nutritive Quality of Nine Napier Grass Varieties in Malaysia Although the yield difference comparing the 100% and the 50% irrigation rate was much less at 8% (2281kgha1), significant differences resulted. Buy Napier Grass Seeds From Here: Product Napier Grass Seeds. As one would expect, dry matter yield per cut of King Napier grass ( Table 2) increased with increasing intervals between harvests, from 1,779 kg DM/ha/cut at 30 day interval to 4,683 kg DM/ha/cut . Plough the land with help of tractors or whatever method you want to. Economic feasibility of biofuel crops in Florida: energycane on mineral soils. Agric Water Manag 96:10781084, Mooney DF, Roberts RK, English BC, Tyler DD, Larson JA (2009) Yield and breakeven price of Alamo switchgrass for biofuels in Tennessee. Peanut, corn, and cotton were produced in non-irrigated and full irrigation regimes. GCB Bioenergy 8:11621177. Corn varieties differed each year due to availability and consisted on P33M53RR2 (2011), P1814HR (2012), P1456HR (2013), and P1636YHR (2014 and 2015) (Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IA). Required fields are marked *. Because its fragrance on the surface of the leaves hesitates cattle to eat the fodders. Napier grass is known for its high biomass production (up to 78 tons of dry matter per hectare annually), year-round availability under limited irrigation, ability to withstand repeated cuttings . HF cow gets the first lactation after becoming at least 2 years old. Napier grass possesses many desirable characteristics, including high yield per unit area, tolerance to intermittent drought and high water use efciency [2], making it a forage of choice. . In 2015, Georgia peanut acreage was 785,000 with a yield of 4330 pounds per acre and a farm gate value of $656 million. It was easy for desi cows to produce 20 to 25 liters of milk daily without any hesitation. Watering should be done on the third day. Super Napier grass grows by cuttings of at least 2 nodes( mentioned above). The alternative source is applying natural pesticide. Main varieties of hybrid Napier grass are, Pusa Giant, IGFRI 5, NB 21, NB 37, IGFRI 7 and IGFRI 10. . Irrigated yield were comparable to reported dry biomass yields of 16.4Mgha1 across five energy cane varieties with yield converted to a total farm area basis in Louisiana [4]. Excess green feed can be preserved in the form of silage. Available at http://www.nass.usda.gov (accessed 10 October 2016). The distance between the pits should be at least 90 centimetres. 2011. The reproduction of Napier grass is done in a vegetative way through shoots which are horizontal called stolon which locate above the soil extending from the parent to the offspring. Depending up on the soil, water, and method of agriculture harvest may be done depending upon the maturity and yield accordingly. Numerous annual and perennial warm-season grasses have been introduced and their management practices have been evaluated to determine their suitability as biofuel feedstocks [1, 2]. Don't fill irrigation water more than 2 inches when the plant becomes 20 cm long. Now mix 1 topsoil : 2 farmyard manure and place it in the pits. The production costs used in this study were the average of these two studies with modifications specific to the implementation and management of production of napier grass in this study. Read More BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERSContinue, Read More Soybean Crop and CultivationContinue, Read More How To Control LEAF CURL VIRUS In Chilli?Continue, Read More Organic Farming : Myths and Facts Read or Miss OutContinue, Read More Farming System: Definition And Types Of Farming SystemContinue, Read More Insight On Cultivation Of Rice: From Sowing To HarvestingContinue, Your email address will not be published. Full-size bell and ash, as well as 50 percent of nitrogen, should be applied as base manual. Brachiaria: The 'wonder grass' that could transform African dairy Agriculture Reviewaims to guide farmers and gardeners to excel in their work. Plantation of Napier grass is done at an angle of 30 from the ground. We assume that the crop mix is equally balanced with peanut, cotton, and corn for comparison with napier grass. Description. The middle rows were used to determine yield and obtain samples for post-harvest quality evaluations. Gir cow milk and Ghee quality is very unique and high, feeding and caring are very affordable and easy to manage even in a small budget. Cotton varieties also varied consisting of PHY375WRF (2011 and 2012) and PHY499WFR (2013, 2014, and 2015) (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN). In H.E. 1. The results will provide a baseline for economically comparing napier grass with existing row cropping systems in Georgia. Biogas Production from Napier Grass at Various Cutting Intervals - Springer Your seed/cutting must have at least 2 nodes, otherwise, your yield may not be in extra amount. If the cross commodity breakeven price for peanuts (for example) is below the price received for peanuts, then napier grass (the comparison crop) provides higher net returns than peanuts. Very good yields are obtained from the soils which are fertile with rich content of organic matter and nutrients. The results of the relative profitability of traditional cropping systems in irrigated and non-irrigated production environments parallel a Southeastern cropping system study focused on net returns of individual crops in irrigated and non-irrigated cropping system. We don't use soil in hydroponic farming. 2005. Brachiaria grass, a climate-smart 'wonder grass' for livestock farmers Once the weed is taken out the soil has to be enriched with sufficient nutrients, so that the crop yield much.After the first weed (30 days) or the second (45 days) taken the weed will grow depends on the nature of the soil. Calculating breakeven yields, prices, and cross commodity prices in annual crops is straightforward. Total rainfall received and irrigation applied during the growing season for each crop is provided in Table 3. Cut a mature stem of Napier grass. No yield differences resulted at the 100% irrigation level between 84 and 168kgha1N rate or comparing the 168 and 336kgha1N rates. Loosen the soil by watering and plant.After watering, put the stem in the bars at 60 cm intervals. The buds of the cuttings should face up and should not be damaged. 50 kg P and 50 kg K per hectare using urea (46% N), triple superphosphate, TSP (20% P) and muriate . Although yield increases were associated with increasing N rates in the irrigated regimes, partial budget analysis for N rates showed no difference in net returns to N rates (P=0.4217). The Napier grass has a very high production of biomass. The average Sahiwal cow weight is 450 kg. READ MORE: WASTE DECOMPOSER! Let's start with how to identify hf cows. By all means, yes! Never use chemical pesticides because Super Napier plants don't get diseases. Sahiwal cow and milk production Let's start with identity terms of Sahiwal cow to identify a pure Sahiwal cow breed- Sahiwal cow identity Head - Sahiwal cow head is long in size and round on forehead in shape. No yield difference was associated with N rates in the non-irrigated regime. of Florida, IFAS Extension. Cost of production for energy cane was adopted from sugarcane budgets as agronomic practices and field operations for sugarcane and energy cane were similar providing a valuable platform for production costs on energy cane production in non-traditional areas [4, 5]. After each harvest, 30 kg of nitrogen (65 kg of urea) will be given higher yield. In take of this fodder for the young calves may cause indigestion due to the glucose content in stem.To prevent this it can be mixed with dry fodder. It can affect the growth of the plant and create rottenness in your plants. Focusing on variable costs only is a more direct and comparable approach when evaluating inclusion of a new crop alternative into an existing cropping system. Head smut was reported first in 1910 from Napier grass specimen collected from Cameroon. Two of the nodes of the grass are being buried in the soil and one node will be above the ground level. Educ. Net returns were most influenced by irrigation, crop rotation sequence, and commodity price. However, all plots were harvested minimum yield impact. To address this, partial budget analysis was utilized. Cropping systems in the coastal plain of Georgia primarily consist of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). The objectives of this research are twofold: (1) address the yield response of napier grass under varying irrigation levels and fertility treatments and (2) incorporate existing data on cost of production coupled with irrigated and non-irrigated yield trial data for napier grass, peanut, corn, and cotton to address napier grass profitability relative to a peanut, corn, and cotton cropping system. This grass is tall and its formation will be rousted and the clumps will look like bamboo. Next irrigations apply after few days of the weeding process. It is better to get at least a practical idea to start a hydroponic farming business. Co.CN4 is a recent hybrid Napier grass released by TNAU, Coimbatore, which is a cross between Cumbu Co.8 and Napier grass F.T.461. Combined fertilizer treatment yield effects in napier grass for N and K fertilizers were not significant and are removed from the statistical model for yield to achieve greater replication (Table 2). CAS et al. However, the grass yield at the cutting intervals of 30, 45, 60 and 90 days was 16.88, 37.50, 62.50 and 81.25 tons dry weight/hectare/year, respectively. Per industry standards, final pod weight was obtained after grading by deducting foreign mature and adjusting to 7% moisture content for determining final yield. Plantation of seedlings should be done in holes which are small or it can also be done in furrows. The results provide the breakeven price points relative to recent historical prices required for consideration of napier grass compared to traditional rotations. China raise the maximum number of chickens in the world for meat. For the pits which are rectangular, the pits should be dug at a depth of 60 centimetres and a width of 90 centimetres. Because the food (fodder) is a mixture of poisonous, feeding livestock that causes death. The results indicate that under recent crop prices and production levels, napier grass will not compete against traditional irrigated cropping systems. The two irrigation levels were included in the study to better understand napier grass yield, quality, and economic response to irrigation rate. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. The Napier grass which is harvested should be chopped to decrease the wastage at the time of animal feeding. Energy cane, high-fiber sugarcane, has been identified as a potential warm-season alternative for bioenergy production in the Southeast because of higher yield potential and similar production practices and equipment requirements for production, harvesting, and transportation used in sugarcane production [3, 4]. In one year, 6 to 8 crops of Super Napier grass can be harvest. Aditya Abhishek has completed Bachelor Of Science in Agriculture from SDSUV, Uttarakhand. After 25 to 30 days, weeding of spontaneous plants is necessary, otherwise, they can stop the growth of your crop. Feed 70 kg or 7 headloads of fresh Napier grass to a dairy cow per day. Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mrtensson, Ana Barreiro, Erik Steen Jensen, Sichao Wang, Gregg R. Sanford, Kurt D. Thelen, Sunil Kumar, T. Kiran Kumar, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Flabiele S. da Silva, Leandro F. Domiciano, Bruno C. Pedreira, Aikaterini Karyoti, Kyriakos D. Giannoulis, Nicholaos G. Danalatos, Mousumi Mondal, Sourav Garai, Rajib Kundu, Ernst H. Smit, Johann A. Strauss & Pieter A. Swanepoel, BioEnergy Research Best management practices were followed with respect to fertility and pest management. Irrigated variable costs were $1522, $1477, and $1237 with fixed cost of $489, $316, and $492ha1, respectively. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Poultry farming investment for 5000 chicken farm Before getting the method and idea of poultry farming, let's understand initial investment to start a poultry farm. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. First, you need to separate the soil at the top from the subsoil. The main reason is that the production cost per ton and the partial net returns to irrigation between the two irrigation rates were very close because the additional per hectare revenue in the 100% irrigated napier grass was basically negated by the additional irrigation application cost compared to the 50% irrigated napier grass. Variable costs for non-irrigated peanuts, corn, and cotton were $1323, $724, and $1006ha1 and fixed costs were $469, $237, and $470ha1, respectively. For example, significant costs were associated with road and ditch maintenance and pumping and water control in sugarcane production that were not applicable to the management practices employed in this research. A high yielding Napier grass race in Asia. After harvest, samples were further cured to around 9% moisture, weighed, and riffle divided to obtain a 1800g sent to the Alabama Federal State Inspection Service (Dothan, AL) to obtain peanut grade factors including foreign material, total sound mature kernels, sound splits, other kernels, loose shelled kernels, and damage kernels. Napier grass also grows very well at an altitude of 1800 m to 2000m above the sea level. Grazing should not be done directly to the animals. The partial net returns to irrigation do not imply that irrigated napier grass is more profitable per unit area or yield, but only suggest that the increased revenue from yield increases was sufficient to cover the added cost of irrigation. Now, place the splits of the root in the holes of planting and cover the soil. It can produce several crops per year and local experts estimate that an area smaller than a fifth of New York's Central Park, or about 150 acres, could yield 1 megawatt in grass power. Number of Stems required to grow super napier crop is 10, 000 to 12,000 stems for an acre. Because of the irrigation water, some spontaneous plants and useless grass can grow with Super Napier grass. Merkeron napier grass plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut, corn, and cotton cropping systems study. It produces more tillers with soft and juicy stem, free from pest and diseases and non-lodging. The infected plants typically have small yellow leaves and short internodes. Statistics Serv., Washington, DC, Branch WD (2007) Registration of Georgia-06G peanut. Pattee and H.T. For non-irrigated practices, the required breakeven price for peanuts was not reached during the 5-year period and twice during the 10-year period (Table 6). Organic compost is basic fertilizer that can use with almost every kind of cultivation. For non-irrigated corn, the required breakeven price was reached every year over both time periods (Table 6). Super Napier Grass price per kg. Results of trials in wet and dry areas. Do not practice napier grass cultivation in soggy soil. Two dairy cows can feed on the Napier grass cultivated in an acre of land in a year. Well managed CO-3 fodder grass block at Rukattana NLDB farm, Bingiriya Directly estimating the farm level returns of napier grass as a bioenergy feedstock is limited by the absence of price data for dry matter napier grass. Napier grass was found to be more economically competitive with the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system in non-irrigated production than in irrigated production. The first harvesting of Super Napier grass does after 60 to 70 days. Her horns are quite curved upwards. In rectangular pits, plantation of 10 cuttings should be done for every length 90 centimetres. Cotton acreage was 1.13 million yielding 966 pounds per acre with a value of $694 million. These costs were removed to accurately depict the actual cost. . Do not use the mix of available chemicals in stores. Infected plants show thinner, shorter stems and produce few small size leaves. For milk-producing animals, Super Napier grass is highly recommended to increase milk production. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design that included four replicates under three irrigation levels. https://doi.org/10.2134/ctfm2014.0061, Davidson, J.I., Jr, M.C. It is suitable for cultivation throughout the year. However, farmer adoption of bioenergy crops will depend on the comparative economic returns and risks of bioenergy crops compared to traditional cropping systems [10]. Dairy farming animals produce milk more than average in comparison to other mixtures of green and dry fodder. Super Napier grass is good for goats, even for the bigger cattle. An assumed price for napier grass of $75Mg1 was used to standardize revenue per hectare and the associated differences in irrigation application and rent cost were incorporated to estimate the partial net return to irrigation. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. Risks must also be considered as crop insurance coverage is available minimize downside yield and price risks for peanuts, cotton, and corn. Agronomic and economic effect of irrigation rate in cotton. Napier grass contains 30.9% total . Paturages et alimentation des ruminants en zone tropicale humide, 1989, 333-348: Before starting the cultivation of Napier grass, plough the field and harrow it very well. Gir cow and milk production in India Even after keeping a desi tag, Gir cows are either the first or the second choice to start dairy farming in most of the country regions in India. If you don't have parental land then it cost higher than expected, but if you have already then it cost you very little in a year. Even in a small space, we can practice hydroponic farming. Each of these used a net present value approach to estimate annualized establishment and production costs. Differences in napier grass yield resulted between the irrigation rates and the non-irrigated yield (Table 3). Resulting from objective 2 will be cross commodity breakeven prices for each crop such that returns per acre are equal providing price points at which napier grass is economically competitive to the cropping system as well as crops with the system. Napier grass was produced in both non-irrigated and two irrigated levels with different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Method of propagation. The growth of Napier grass occurs quickly. That is when the climate is warm. Napier grass can grow in a large variety of soils. cut them just a few inches over the ground level. Breakeven prices (cost per acre divided by yield) provide the prices at which production costs are covered for the given yield. Applications of expert systems in peanut production. The GA-06G peanut cultivar was used in all crop years at a seeding rate of 19 seed m1 [12]. Producers should also consider the implications of the multi-year commitment of perennial crop production relative to the flexibility of altering annual cropping sequences as factors influencing net returns change. For the plantation of Napier grass, there are two methods used: In this method, you need to first dig the field up to 20 centimetres wide and 20 centimetres deep by maintaining a distance of up to 90 centimetres in between the rows and a distance of 60 centimetres between the plants.