Core beliefs, underlying assumptions and even the content of automatic thoughts vary across cultures (Sahin and Sahin, Reference Sahin and Sahin1992; Tam et al., Reference Tam, Wong, Chow, Ng, Ng, Cheung and Mak2007). The authors discuss the impact of minority stress, shame and migration stress in this group. I start with a systematic review of CBT for social anxiety across cultures. Finally, I agree with the authors that this intervention should be used across the board. Memon et al. 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To fully use of popular teachings and poems of Rumi, culturally familiar, non-technical language and video material from popular Turkish media and culturally syntonic translation of the therapy material. However, there is lack of evidence supporting this approach with culturally The authors suggest that any attempt at holding on to the Politeness Plural cultural, linguistic schema in the Greek-speaking culture employed by either the therapist or the client reinforces emotional distancing and prevents the therapy from working through those maladaptive coping and internalized dysfunctional mechanisms of self that perpetuate schemas on both. https://medicinehealth.leeds.ac.uk/downloads/download/131/results_and_resources_for_addressing_depression_in_muslim_communities, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X1800017X, https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000119, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000653.28, https://www.routledge.com/Transcultural-Cognitive-Behaviour-Therapy-for-Anxiety-and-Depression-A/Beck/p/book/9781138890480, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000223, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000016, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00712.x, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.1998.tb00385.x, https://doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/mhj001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001757, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-0115-1, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000023, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000272, https://www.cfhi-fcass.ca/WhatWeDo/extra/improvement-projects/Cohorts/2010EXTRACompetitionResults/project6, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000114, https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/chinese-culture/greetings, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525363/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525366/, https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/B/bo3613572.html, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706008774, https://doi.org/10.3109/01612849009006520, https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840802319688, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.12.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.04.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00013-9, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000296, https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2010.513914, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012189, https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201400358, https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/3/29/18264703/mindfulness-meditation-buddhism-david-forbes, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000211, https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670601050295, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000120, https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2018.1445124, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000260, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1363461515598949, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000302, https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9919.1000108, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000096, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1290-6, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2509-4, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012337, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000059, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.060, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000144, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465814000332, https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1067598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.02.015, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000060, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(96)80017-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61508-5, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000041, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000088.pub2, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.12.005, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465810000378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.11.007, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09854.x, https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_132_17, https://doi.org/10.1080/08995600701753144, https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2014.902923, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(89)90006-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21933-2_7, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000235, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-624-x/2014001/article/14121-eng.htm, https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102207, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000084, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000181, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X11000080, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163651, https://www.economist.com/international/2013/05/04/minds-unmade, https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/06/06/how-homosexuality-became-a-crime-in-the-middle-east, https://trendspost.com/depictions-of-jesus-around-the-world/, http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13649&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-471.html, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.035, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0622-7, http://www.who.int/mental_health/mhgap/en/, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000119, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000132. There is also evidence to suggest that using online platforms for delivering CBT might address cultural barriers (Alavi et al., Reference Alavi, Hirji, Sutton and Naeem2016). 2022. Kenneth Fung has reported high levels of acceptance of ACT while working with the Cambodian community in Toronto (Fung, Reference Fung2015). People of African-Caribbean origin in the UK have a higher incidence of schizophrenia (Fearon et al., Reference Fearon, Kirkbride, Morgan, Dazzan, Morgan, Lloyd and Murray2006), and are less likely to receive psychological therapies (Morgan et al., Reference Morgan, Dazzan, Morgan, Jones, Harrison, Leff and Fearon2006). Sclare, Irene Therapy was delivered by lay counsellors in Iraq and Thailand to treat trauma victims. The authors describe culturally adapted techniques they used to make therapy compatible with the local cultural context. While egalitarian societies are subtle in acceptance of authority figures, in other societies showing respect for authority is a cultural norm and therefore hard to negotiate. They provide best practice guidelines for BME and White therapists, as well as service managers to enable them to work more effectively with service users from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, for example to consider the current socio-political context. Currently, the IASP (Improving Access to Structures Psychotherapies) CBT Training Program in Ontario, Canada, is incorporating culturally adapted CBT practices. Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim The suggestion that individual variations and environmental factors shape stress response might apply to groups of individuals (Ellis et al., Reference Ellis, Jackson and Boyce2006). This paper highlights the need to improve the BME communitys access to CBT. Homelessness is often triggered by violence, trauma and adversity in childhood that makes the homeless culture attractive in giving status and acceptance to these individuals (Ravenhill, Reference Ravenhill2008). Same-sex relationships were generally tolerated in pre-modern Islamic societies. These findings confirm some of the findings from cultural adaptation of individual CBT for psychosis (Li et al., Reference Li, Zhang, Luo, Liu, Liu, Lin and Naeem2017; Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Habib, Gul, Khalid, Saeed, Farooq and Kingdon2014; Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Saeed, Irfan, Kiran, Mehmood, Gul and Kingdon2015b; Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Kingdon, Phiri and Gobbi2010; Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Phiri, Harris, Underwood, Thagadur, Padmanabi and Kingdon2013), in particular the role played by trauma, coercive treatment and racism (Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Kingdon, Phiri and Gobbi2010).